A microscopic analysis of consistent word misperceptions.

162 p.Speech misperceptions have the potential to help us understand the mechanisms involved in human speech processing. Consistent misperceptions are especially helpful in this regard, eliminating the variability stemming from individual differences, which in turn, makes it easier to analyse confusion patterns at higher levels of speech inits such as the word. In this thesis, we haver a conducter an analysis of consistens word misperceptions from a "microscopic" perspective. Starting with a large-scale elicitation experiment, we collected over 3200 consistent misperceptions from over 170 listeners. We investigated the obtained misperceptions from signal-idependent and a signal-dependent perspective. In the former, we have analysed error trends between the target and misperceived words across multiple levels of speech units. We have shown that the error patterns observed are highly dependent on the eliciting masker type and contrasted our results to previous findings. In the latter, We attempted to explain misperceptions based on the underlying speech noise interaction. Using tools from automatic speech recognition, we have conducted an automatic classification of confusions based on their origin and quantified the role misallocation of speech fragments played in the generation of misperceptions. Finally, we introduced modifications to the original confusion eliciting stimuli to try to recover the original utterance by providing release from either themasker`s energetic or informational component. Listeners¿percepts were reevaluated in response to the modified stimuli which revealed the origin of many confusions regarding energetic or informational masking

Ritual dimensions of civil religion

The main goal of our paper is to elaborate an adequate framework of interpretation for the public events in contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. In order to achieve this aim, first we will present some typical public events in our region – focusing on Hungary. Afterwards, we offer some possible interpretations, which may supply us with important insights concerning the role of public events in contemporary societies

Homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian sleep‐regulating component: effect of short light–dark cycles on sleep–wake stages and slow waves

Aside from the homeostatic and circadian components, light has itself an important, direct as well as indirect role in sleep regulation. Light exerts indirect sleep effect by modulating the circadian rhythms. Exposure to short light-dark cycle (LD 1:1, 1:1 h light - dark) eliminates the circadian sleep regulatory component but direct sleep effect of light could prevail. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction between the light and the homeostatic influences regarding sleep regulation in a rat model.Spontaneous sleep-wake and homeostatic sleep regulation by sleep deprivation (SD) and analysis of slow waves (SW) were examined in Wistar rats exposed to LD1:1 condition using LD12:12 regime as control.Slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep were both enhanced, while wakefulness (W) was attenuated in LD1:1. SWS recovery after 6-h total SD was more intense in LD1:1 compared to LD12:12 and SWS compensation was augmented in the bright hours. Delta power increment during recovery was caused by the increase of SW number in both cases. More SW was seen during baseline in the second half of the day in LD1:1 and after SD compared to the LD12:12. Increase of SW number was greater in the bright hours compared to the dark ones after SD in LD1:1. Lights ON evoked immediate increase in W and decrease in both SWS and REM sleep during baseline LD1:1 condition, while these changes ceased after SD. Moreover, the initial decrease seen in SWS after lights ON, turned to an increase in the next 6-min bin and this increase was stronger after SD. These alterations were caused by the change of the epoch number in W, but not in case of SWS or REM sleep. Lights OFF did not alter sleep-wake times immediately, except W, which was increased by lights OFF after SD.Present results show the complex interaction between light and homeostatic sleep regulation in the absence of the circadian component and indicate the decoupling of SW from the homeostatic sleep drive in LD1:1 lighting condition

Determination of Chiral Impurity of Naproxen in Different Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Polysaccharide-Based Stationary Phases in Reversed-Phased Mode

A novel, validated, reversed-phase (RP), chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the enantiopurity control analysis of naproxen, a frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent using polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phase (CSP). In the screening phase of method development, seven columns were tested in polar organic (PO) mode using mobile phases consisting of 0.1% acetic acid in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile. Enantiorecognition was observed only in five cases. The best enantioseparation was observed on a Lux Amylose-1 column with 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid in ethanol with a resolution (Rs) of 1.24. The enantiomer elution order was unfavorable, as the distomer eluted after the eutomer. When the ethanolic mobile phase was supplemented with water, enantiomer elution order reversal was observed, indicating a difference in the enantiorecognition mechanism upon switching from PO to RP mode. Furthermore, by changing ethanol to methanol, not only lower backpressure, but also higher resolution was obtained. Subsequent method optimization was performed using a face-centered central composite design (FCCD) to achieve higher chiral resolution in a shorter analysis time. Optimized parameters offering baseline separation were as follows: Lux Amylose-1 stationary phase, thermostated at 40 °C, and a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water:acetic acid 85:15:0.1 (v/v/v), delivered with 0.65 mL/min flow rate. Using these optimized parameters, a Rs = 3.21 ± 0.03 was achieved within seven minutes. The optimized method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the analysis of different pharmaceutical preparations, such as film-coated tablets and gel, as well as fixed-dose combination tablets, containing both naproxen and esomeprazole

Függvényegyenletek és egyenlőtlenségek = Functional equations and inequalities

A kutatásban 19 fő vett részt. A kutatócsoport tagjai 2003 és 2006 között 3 könyvet, 103 referált nemzetközi folyóiratban, vagy konferenciakiadványban megjelent tudományos dolgozatot, további 15 közlésre elfogadott dolgozatot, 6 PhD, 1 habilitációs és 2 MTA doktori értekezést készítettek, továbbá 208 tudományos előadást tartottak. A nem-iteratív függvényegyenletek regularitáselméletének monografikus összefoglalását adja Járai Antal 2005-ben a Kluwer kiadónál megjelent könyve. Ez mű az elmúlt két évtizedben a kutatócsoport által elért eredményeket egységes szemléletmódban tárgyalja és új alkalmazásokat is bemutat. Az iteratív függvényegyenletek és az un. invariancia-egyenlet regularitási vizsgálataiban is számos új módszer és eredmény született. A spektrálszintézis és spektrálanalízis kutatásában döntő áttörést hoztak Székelyhidi László kutatásai. Kiderült, hogy bizonyos diszkrét Abel-csoportokon a spektrálszintézis nem teljesülhet, ezzel egy több évtizede fennálló sejtés is megdőlt. A témakör elméletének alapvető és lezáró eredményeit tartalmazó monográfia 2006-ban a Springer kiadónál jelent meg. A lineáris operátorok és függvényterek megőrzési problémáinak összefoglalását adja Molnár Lajosnak a Springer Lecture Notes sorozatában 2007-ben megjelent könyve. A Hadamard-egyenlőtlenség magasabbrendű általánosításainak és a közelítőleg konvex függvényeknek a vizsgálata is számos új fejleményet hozott. | The research was carried out by 19 researchers. The members of the research team published 3 books, 103 research papers in refereed journals or conference proceedings, 15 papers accepted for publication, furthermore, 6 PhD, 1 habilitation and 2 DSc dissertations in the period 2003-2006. The monographic summary of the regularity theory of non-iterative functional equations was published by Antal Járai at the Kluwer Academic Publishers. This work treats the results of the research team obtained in the last two decades in a unified manner and also presents new applications. The investigation of the regularity problems of the iterative functional equations and the so-called invariance equation lead to a number of new methods and results. The investigation of spectral synthesis and spectral analysis reached a breakthrough point due to László Székelyhidi's results. It turned out that the spectral synthesi fails to hold on certain discrete Abelian groups. This result negatively answered a longstanding conjecture. The basic and key results of the subject were summarized in a book published by Springer Verlag. A book by Lajos Molnár, published in the Lecture Notes of Springer in 2007, summarizes the results obtained on preserver problems of linear operators and functions spaces. There were also new and interesting developments in the investigation of higher-order generalizations of the Hadamard inequality and approximately convex functions